Rubber upholstery webbing vs elastic webbing. Otherwise staple down with 1/2" staples.

• Rubber upholstery webbing vs elastic webbing. Jul 2, 2024 · Discover the ultimate showdown between sofa springs and webbing in couch construction! Unravel the debate on comfort, durability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness to make an informed decision. Check out our rubber upholstery webbing selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our fabric shops. There is also elasticated webbing which you don’t need a webbing stretcher to tension but doesn’t last as long. There was a discussion on the Carrscorner board recently about how scarce Pirelli webbing was getting. The cushions need to have If you are looking for webbing or strapping at great prices, shop our selections of nylon, polyester and polypropylene, in the styles you want including flat, tubular, mil-spec and more! House2Home Webbing for Lawn Chairs and Furniture, Upholstery Webbing to Repair Couch Supports for Sagging Cushions, 3 Inch Wide by 60 Foot Roll 10% Stretch Elastic Chair Webbing Replacement 75 50+ bought in past month $3146 Rubber upholstery webbing for seats. I don't want it going soft in a few years time but I don't want to overstretch it, if that is possible. It is suggested that for an average seat the degree of stretch should be from 7% to 10%. This allows furniture constructed with rubber webbing to often exclude coil springs, decreasing production costs. It is stretched May 30, 2023 · Webbing is a versatile and durable material that finds application in various industries and sectors. These are simple relatively new chairs, from like Crate and Barrel, or similar. onlinefabricstore. Upholstery webbing is what gives furniture its strength, tightness and shape. Mar 14, 2021 · A few years back I purchased elastic webbing (black with red stripes in the middle), of a type I thought was considered good, to replace webbing on a Reenskaug rocker and another teak rocker. Here are the different types of webbing explained. Most other brand of elastic webbing use cheaper rubber thread in smaller size from other countries,so those webbing are usually thinner and easy to get sagging within a few months. The material used determines the upholstery webbing is priced in accordance with the Jul 27, 2025 · Options include jute, rubber, polypropylene, and elastic webbing. Elastic webbing is more stretchy and has more bounce than jute webbing which provides a more comfortable seating; however, stretchy webbing does tend to give out faster if not properly installed. Certified to Oeko-Tex 100 standards, it ensures safety and comfort for Upholstery Webbing Band Replacement for Chair, Couch, Sofa, 2ins × 32ft Roll, Upholstery Seater Repair Material, Elastic, Latex, Stretchy Webbing Belt/Strap for Lawn Chair 39 200+ bought in past month $1199 ($0. In this guide, we’ll explore when and how to replace webbing or springs and how JA Milton Upholstery What width webbing to use? I’m in the middle of tackling my first upholstery project by replacing the webbing in our chairs, but now that I need to buy more webbing, I’m worried I made the wrong choice and my webbing on the first two chairs is too weak. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Base for the stuffings and fabric. It has been around for hundreds of years and was used in most furniture up until the 50's and is still used today in the upholstery trade. The main types include jute, rubber, elastic, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, and cotton webbing. Jun 20, 2025 · What Materials and Tools Are Required to Stretch Upholstery Webbing? To stretch upholstery webbing, you need quality webbing material (jute, cotton, nylon, or elastic), a webbing stretcher (manual or ratchet), heavy-duty staples or tacks, a staple gun or tack hammer, scissors, and a measuring tape. It provides just the right amount of support and give when stretched across the furniture frame. Dive into expert insights and key factors for choosing the perfect support system for your couch. 37/feet) HIGH QUALITY MATERIAL -- This set of elastic webbing bands is made of polyester and rubber latex thread, with strong elasticity and flexibility, good choice for your Sofa/Couch/Chair repair DIY sewing. Its great for furniture, such as dining chairs, rattan furniture, lounge chairs, etc. So let’s peel back the surface and explore what really holds your furniture together — and how to select the best upholstery webbing for your products. SOLD BY THE YARD. Aug 6, 2023 · Amazon. Feb 28, 2019 · Furniture elastic webbing is used on sofas, chairs or dining seats to support seat and back cushions. First manufactured in the 1950's, it's often found in mid century modern furniture. I want to replace it with something that will last, if possible. The manufacturing involves weaving I always remove the zigzag springs and use 3" elastic webbing, it lasts so much longer and gives an even smooth comfort level across the sofa. If you find any weak Stretchy webbing used as an alternative to springs. High-quality elastic webbing should have a higher rubber content for better elasticity and long-term performance. Springs last a lot longer. Provides optimal resistance level for seating purposes. This is very heavy Duty Webbing, Very StrongSOLD "BY THE FOOT" Sold By the continuious Foot, If you order Webbing is a popular form of strong, closely woven fabric. 37/feet) Jun 24, 2025 · The unseen structure of your upholstered furniture—its Springs and Webbing —is essential to comfort, durability, and longevity. Jan 25, 2025 · Consider the Furniture Style: Antique furniture often pairs well with jute webbing, while modern designs might benefit from rubber or elastic webbing. Also rated for automotive upholstery. Hi. It's 70% elasticity at 500N is flexible while having enough tension for use as seat webbing, anymore flexibility would only be suitable for backrest webbing or support straps. Gives excellent firm resilient support and always returns to original position. Buy in either 50mm and 70mm widths. Jute upholstery webbing is the most popular type of upholstery webbing. The 70 Ft Heavy Duty Sofa Elastic Webbing,Contiunous Long Durable Strong Elasticity Dark Blue and Red,2. RESTORE YOUR OLD FURNITURE -- Each roll provides you with 60 feet of durable elastic webbing for all of your reupholster projects. Jute webbing tends to stretch and sink, creating a hammock effect over time. Houseables Chair Webbing, Upholstery Webbing, Lawn Chair Elastic, Support Straps, Replacement Kit, Strapping, for Furniture, Couch, Sofa, Dining Seat, Elastbelt, 2 Inch, 40 Foot Roll 939 100+ bought in past month $1399 Description In upholstery, rubber webbing is an excellent webbing material because of its strength, durability, and flexibility. Applied to wooden frames, they guarantee the best comfort possible to the finished products, thanks to their elastic properties Upholstery webbing, strapping for furniture seats, inside arms and backs. House2Home Webbing for Lawn Chairs and Furniture, Upholstery Webbing to Repair Couch Supports for Sagging Cushions, 3 Inch Wide by 40 Foot Roll 10% Stretch Elastic Chair Webbing Replacement 122 100+ bought in past month $2522 Elastic webbing is a textile product made by interweaving elastic fibers (rubber or synthetic) with materials like polyester, cotton, or nylon. Get expert tips on strength, material and durability to make the perfect selection at Sailrite! Upholstery webbing refers to strong woven straps used inside furniture frames to provide support, distribute weight, and prevent sagging. But that shit's expensive. After my initial research, I've seen jute webbing recommended (as it's stronger than elastic webbing). Jan 30, 2010 · One of the main benefits of rubber is its inherent strength as a material, combined with its elastic qualities. With its strength and flexibility, webbing has become an essential component in the production of a wide range of products, from outdoor gear and military equipment to pet accessories and furniture upholstery. The springs may not sag, but they do squeak and snap fittings after 10 years, also put uneven pressure on the foam and will cut through from underneath over time. Multiple yards will be one continuous. It is commonly used in the production of various products, such as clothing, furniture, and automobile interiors, to provide a flexible and stretchable support system. Upholstery Webbing Band Replacement for Chair, Couch, Sofa, 2ins × 32ft Roll, Upholstery Seater Repair Material, Elastic, Latex, Stretchy Webbing Belt/Strap for Lawn Chair 61 100+ bought in past month $1199 ($0. Elasbelt retains its elasticity after years and years of use. Sofa webbing is attached to the frame to provide support. This construction creates a fabric that stretches when pulled and returns to its original form when released. Jun 9, 2020 · 2” Perelli type webbing perfect for seating and upholstery that require this type of premium webbing. Product details Our Hot Sale Upholstery Belt Webbing Tape combines elasticity, durability, and versatility for furniture and home textile applications. Buy online in NZ. Our heavy-duty elastic webbing is rubberized for improved resilience and elasticity. If you order more than one length you will receive uncut lengths in the amount that you order, however, the webbing may have been previously spliced in places by the manufacturer. Jute upholstery webbing can be used anywhere in the upholstery but the main function of jute upholstery webbing is the support for coil springs in the seat and back. poly Webbing is also used in upholstery and furniture. Our renowned elastic belts are webbed tapes made mainly of rubber and polypropylene thread. Elastic webbing is a type of woven material made from synthetic or natural fibers, such as polyester, nylon, or rubber, that has elasticity properties. JINRUISI 2. Fast & Free shipping on many items! trueTo be honest Jute lasts a lot longer than elastic. Webbing for Lawn Chairs and Furniture, Upholstery Webbing to Repair Couch Supports for Sagging Cushions, 3 Inch Wide by 60 Foot Roll 70% Stretch Elastic Chair Webbing Replacement The business scope of our enterprise are some series of products, such as webbing, elastic bank, folding elastic, jacquard belt, bra strap elastic, and coating yarn, core-spun yarn. Characterised by its green colour with three stripes and made from natural rubber in polypropylene fibres, it's Houseables Chair Webbing, Upholstery Webbing, Lawn Chair Elastic, Support Straps, Replacement Kit, Strapping, for Furniture, Couch, Sofa, Dining Seat, Elastbelt, 2 Inch, 40 Foot Roll 942 100+ bought in past month $1399 Upholstery Webbing Band Replacement for Chair, Couch, Sofa, 2ins × 32ft Roll, Upholstery Seater Repair Material, Elastic, Latex, Stretchy Webbing Belt/Strap for Lawn Chair 61 100+ bought in past month $1199 ($0. It’s commonly used to create straps and belts. I have purchased elastic webbing, seatbelt style webbing and jute. Adding webbing will give an extremely durable support, that is very comfortable, with just the righ Standard 50mm Elasticated Seat Webbing is a highly flexible webbing choice for use in both seats and backs. But the OG webbing was rubber, and a VERY loose weave, so maybe the doesn’t computer anyway. 35 – $ 78. All of the webbings we provide Brand new Pirelli Rubber Upholstery Webbing / Elastic. Feb 11, 2021 · Using natural rubber for resilience and cord for elasticity, rubber webbing is made. RESTORE YOUR OLD FURNITURE -- Each roll provides you with 40 feet of durable elastic webbing for all of your reupholster projects. Pirelli Rubber Webbing at DIY Upholstery Supplies & Charlebois Fabrics. Gives excellent firm resilient support Intes elastic webbing INTES SPA designs, develops and produces the best elastic belts for furniture, establishing itself as the leading company in the upholstered seats market. (NOT YOUR EXISTING OR OLD STRAPS) Upholstery Webbing Chair Couch Material Replacement,Webbing Latex Band, Elastic, Support Straps, Replacement Kit,for Couch, Stretchy Spring Alternative, Furniture Repair (Black, 8m/26ft) AED5057 FREE international delivery Add to cart The webbing is in tact but stretched out, and I don't know that I'm confident enough to remove all of the old webbing. Understanding the different types of webbing available is crucial for selecting the Jute upholstery webbing is the most popular type of upholstery webbing. Due to its high elasticity there is no need for a webbing stretcher to be used, unlike with other webbings, it can be stretched tight enough by hand. Sep 29, 2020 · Upholstery for Furniture Repair and Modification, Stretchy Spring Alternative, Sofa, Couch, Chair This set of elastic furniture webbing band is made of polyester and rubber latex thread, with strong elasticity and flexibility, good choice for your sofa,couch and hair repair DIY sewing. The elastic component provides flexibility while the surrounding fibers deliver structure and durability. Used primarily for seats in furniture. 50 incl GST Quick View Webbing Elastic Webbing (50mt Roll) $ 48. com/Want more info on webbing? Find it here: https://www. Pirelli webbing, also known as nylon webbing or rubber webbing, has been used in European upholstery construction going back multiple generations. It is stretched Get the fabric & supplies you need at OnlineFabricStore: https://www. 99 Aug 27, 2018 · HIGH QUALITY MATERIAL -- This set of elastic webbing bands is made of polyester and rubber latex thread, with strong elasticity and flexibility, good choice for your Sofa/Couch/Chair repair DIY sewing. Jute is an all natural fiber derived from plants. 75 incl GST Quick View Webbing Elastic Webbing (Cut Lengths) 32ft Premium Heavy-Duty Elastic Webbing Straps for Sofa and Chair Repair, Durable Stretchy Upholstery Roll with High-Tensile Strength and Reinforced Edges (32ft Webbing) 2" WIDE Rubber or Elastic, 3-ply (1-ply cloth, 2-ply rubber) webbing. Jun 4, 2024 · Choosing the best upholstery webbing means selecting the right type of material to support the coil springs on a couch or chair. 76“ elastic webbing use more than 60 pcs of A# Malyasia rubber latex tread to fabricate. Rubber-blended types excel in spring-seat constructions. Rubber Composition- 44% Rubber Gauge- 24 Number of Rubber Strands- 24 Number of Strands- 4x25 Apr 28, 2022 · Caught in the Web of Upholstery! Webbing 101! Upholstery on Broadway 25. I redid a sofa for a customer after 7 years who had a custom built sofa and they used webbing for the support and it was Webbing 1″ Jute Webbing $ 8. If you use Danish rubber webbing yea. 4K subscribers Subscribed High quality 4 stripe firm grade elastic upholstery webbing, ideal for seats and backs of dining chairs and lounges. Read on. It is often used in place of jute webbing. Choosing the right upholstery webbing ensures long-lasting comfort and structural integrity for sofas, chairs, beds, and outdoor furniture. Even if the chair came to you with damaged rubber webbing, stapling or tacking down rubber webbing isn’t as effective and can cause it to break prematurely. Rubber webbing does not have this issue, returning to its original May 9, 2021 · The rubber thread is the decisive factor of elastic webbing's quality. The high percentage of rubber contained grants this line with the perfect elastic properties. Dec 6, 2021 · Having reliable clothing and harnesses for your job requires knowing your options. Inspect the frame for weak corners and cracked boards before applying webbing. Made of the highest quality, Elasbelt is certified for strength and aging. Remove all the webbing and start from scratch? Add a couple new pieces, weave them through the existing webbing? Upholstery webbing is a strong, closely woven material that is used for making items from straps to belts, but within the upholstery world, they are used mainly for supporting upholstered chair seats. 76" Wide,Upholstery Webbing,Couch Sitting Belt Replacement,Upholstery Materials Elasbelt (70) NATGAI Sofa Elastic Webbing, 40ft x 3inch Chair Webbing, Stretch Latex Band for Furniture Repair DIY, Upholstery Webbing Material Replacement, Stretchy Spring Alternative (5 Stripes) 16 $1799 List: $18. Based on the type of material, upholstery webbing is priced by the gauge length, width Oct 4, 2020 · About this item High quality 2" (5cm) latex rubber webbing, Indoor Usage,suitable for all upholstery seat / chair applications. Pirelli Rubber Webbing is a high quality, durable material that's used for chair and sofa upholstery. Elsewhere I've seen it recommended as a rule of thumb, you replace the previously used material. Does anyone know a rule of thumb for how tight to stretch elastic webbing. Nov 26, 2011 · I haven't tried to order Pirelli rubber webbing in many, many moons. I'm doing a dining chair which is just elastic webbing, then foam rubber - for seat and back. Sold by the meter. I'm repairing a chair with hardened and missing elastic webbing that I showed in a previous post. Get the best deals on Elastic Webbing In Craft Upholstery Tools & Equipment and find everything you'll need to make your crafting ideas come to life with eBay. This heavy-duty webbing is simple to use and can be attached with staples or webbing clips. This old webbing came out of another upholstery project we are working on that should not have had rubber webbing in the first place. Jute and cotton provide a classic, breathable foundation but can stretch over time. Our Rubber Webbing (Pirelli) is high quality, strong, resilient, and elastic. . com: Upholstery Webbing Band Replacement for Chair, Couch, Sofa, 2ins × 32ft Roll, Upholstery Seater Repair Material, Elastic, Latex, Stretchy Webbing Belt/Strap for Lawn Chair : Home & KitchenAbout this item The high elastic webbing band is made of high grade rubber threads and woven with high density polyester fibers that produces high elasticity and strong bearing capacity. 2" wide. Sold by the running foot. Good stretch,elastic couch webbing for stapling on wooden structures, suitable for chairs, armchairs, sofas, armchairs etc upholstery webbing straps stretcher tool for Chair Modification, Stretchy Spring Alternative, Sofa, Couch, Chair Repair Very easy material to Durable and Heavy Rubberized Webbing Excellent Firm Resilient Support Brand new 2" X 12" Length of Rubberized Upholstery Webbing / Elastic. It can be used to replace original webbing or as an alternative to springs. Amazon. , ISO 9001, Oeko-Tex There are no springs … although it’s funny, because it really looks like there’s an under-layer of cambric and webbing below the main webbing with a cavity between them, which seems like just the kind of space where you’d find some springs maybe. Crafted from a rubber and polypropylene blend, this woven tape features striped patterns in green and black, offering both functional strength and aesthetic appeal. The springs underneath are attached using some sort of metal clip that goes through the webbing. 89" x 27. Nylon and polyester webbing lead for heavy-use settings, while natural cotton or jute offer breathability and eco-friendly appeal. 2 inches wide. Polypropylene Webbing – A durable, waterproof, and Nov 26, 2022 · Selecting the most suitable upholstery webbing involves choosing the correct type of fabric to hold the coil springs that are on chairs or couches. It is currently the most popular webbing used in furniture manufacturing, making up 90% of furniture products made in Europe. The greater width allows Comfort products to cover a wider surface and provides a better overall performance. Sep 6, 2023 · Both zigzag spring, also known as sinuous spring and webbing are commonly used in sofas as suspension. Apr 7, 2017 · Traditional upholstery uses mainly black and white cotton webbing or jute webbing. Compatible with rubber webbing clips 1. 37/feet) The couch was manufactured with green/black elastic webbing and it's lost its integrity. And it has more elasticity and durability for getting up and down. 164 feet per roll. Depending on the material, upholstery webbing is sold according to gauge, width, stretch and Pirelli Rubber Webbing Straps Pre Cut With Clips NOTE: ORDER GROOVE TO GROOVE SIZE, NOT SIZE OF THE EXISTING STRAPS Read Entire Ordering Instructions Through: Step 1: Measure the exact distance between the slots/groove of your chair. Common Types of Upholstery and Furniture Webbing The three most widely used upholstery webbing systems are sinuous (zigzag) springs, woven jute/cotton straps, and rubber/elastic bands. Mar 1, 2023 · Pirelli webbing is a type of rubber webbing that offers an excellent blend of support and comfort. Selecting quality webbing certified to industry standards (e. Upholstery webbing gives furniture its strength, rigidity and form. 5mm Rubber Chair Webbing Straps could you send me more details such as type, size, quantity, material, etc. Over time, these hidden supports can begin to sag, wear out, or fail entirely. Common types include: Pirelli Webbing – A rubberized webbing reinforced with nylon or polyester, providing strong, elastic support. In this article, we compare their pros and cons. onlinefabrics Oct 3, 2011 · About this item 40 FEET ROLL of 2-inch wide latex webbing for furniture repair and re-upholstery work RESTORE OLD FURNITURE: This latex webbing replaces the old-style tan Pirelli webbing or jute and is sturdy enough for indoor furniture and outdoor patio and lawn furniture STURDY WEBBING: This high-quality chair webbing will not dry out or rot - When stretched across a chair frame, this Learn how to choose the right webbing for your project! Explore the best types of webbing for marine, outdoor, upholstery and DIY applications. Rubber webbing is considered superior to jute webbing by upholsters because it will not sag over time and has far more longevity. I did the chair in elastic first but didn’t have the webbing stretcher tool and when I sat in it I almost hit the floor because I couldn’t get it tight enough by hand, so I replaced with jute. But I'm not sure how long to cut Advanced Upholstery Services offers high-quality upholstery webbing that provides strong and flexible support for couches and chairs. There are five varieties of upholstery webbing: jute, English, nylon, polyester and rubber. It was used extensively in Danish modern furniture, and is still used in high-quality modern reproductions today. There are five types that are available for upholstery: Jute English nylon, nylon and rubber. g. Works with webbing clips if you have a slotted frame. There are five types of webbing for furniture: jute English nylon, nylon and rubber. Jute webbing has long been the most popular type of webbing found in most upholstery projects. Things fall apart and today’s young homeowners Sep 26, 2017 · Upholstery webbing, also called jute webbing or elastic webbing depending upon the brand you purchase, is used to make a firm but comfortable surface on heavily used seating items, such as chairs, ottomans, and couches. Replaces Pirelli Webbing. The range at J A Milton provides all the types of webbing and their accessories that would be used within upholstery projects, from elastic to traditional webbing. Jute, elastic, and poly webbing. Find out more in our complete guide. Pirelli Rubber Webbing is a 2" wide reinforced rubber webbing to give a combination of soft comfort and rugged durability. Its durability will hold up to heavy use and will not easily tear or break. Nov 2, 2022 · Selecting the most suitable upholstery webbing involves choosing the correct type of fabric that will support the coil springs that are on chairs or couches. Each roll is made from professional-grade elastic that is sturdy and designed for medium-to-high traffic Stretchy webbing used as an alternative to springs. Over 50 years combined experience in upholstery supplies, repair and furniture restoration. However, several years later with only two people sitting on the chairs, both of us under 165 pounds, this elastic is completely shot. The rubber provides the resilience and the cord the degree of elasticity and additional reinforcements. Elasbelt Webbing alternative to springs and replaces Pirelli Webbing. Elastic webbing strapping for perfect flat surfaces on danish modern and mid-century furniture. Good stretch,elastic couch webbing for stapling on wooden structures, suitable for chairs, armchairs, sofas, armchairs etc  Rubber webbing (also known as Pirelli webbing) is made from rubber and cord. Mar 4, 2022 · Spring sofas use S-shaped coils supported by rods or hourglass-shaped coils that are tied together. Learn More! Mar 5, 2025 · Modern Upholstery Webbing Types of Modern Webbing Modern webbing is typically made from synthetic materials like rubber, nylon, or polypropylene, offering increased flexibility and resistance to wear. Average extensibility is 15 kg. Types of webbing For your upholstery webbing needs, we are delighted to offer a selection of jute webbing, rubber webbing, upholstery webbing, and accessories to suit a wide variety of projects. 34Yd Elastic Webbing Band Furniture Repair Sofa Elastic Webbing Stretch Upholstery Webbing Flexible Chair Replacement Straps for Lawn Chair Couch Sofa Choosing the best upholstery webbing means selecting the right type of material to support the coil springs on a couch or chair. A Google search reveals a few answers for jute webbing, sprung seats and some type of elastic webbing which is held In Does your sofa or couch have a sagging cushion support? Whether your chair was originally built with burlap strapping, jute webbing or rubber webbing, elastic webbing is a great way to fix the problem 3 inch chair webbing is installed on the frame to to fix the true cause of sagging cushions. Also I really wouldnt suggest webbing for the base of a sofa. Mar 27, 2025 · Lets look into the details of two popular types of upholstery webbing: elastic webbing and jute webbing. About this item High quality 2" (5cm) latex rubber webbing, Indoor Usage,suitable for all upholstery seat / chair applications. 37/feet) I am interested in Green Upholstery Elastic Webbing 2. Webbing is the kind that takes the clips you squeeze with a vise. Sold By the 10 yard roll Polypropylene Composition- 56% Rubber Composition- 44% Rubber Gauge- 24 Number of Rubber Seating Suspension Material Matrex is the leading supplier of elastic webbing and elastomeric fabrics for office and residential furniture. com. com: Houseables Chair Webbing, Upholstery Webbing, Lawn Chair Elastic, Support Straps, Replacement Kit, Strapping, for Furniture, Couch, Sofa, Dining Seat, Elastbelt, 2 Inch, 40 Foot Roll : Home & KitchenRepair Your Damaged Furniture on a Budget Eventually the material of your furniture will become overstretched, saggy, and threadbare. Restoring them is vital to preserving the shape and enjoyment of your furniture. (10%), and total extensibility is 50%. You may be thinking, “Wait a second, doesn’t Pirelli make car tires?” The best upholstery webbing combines high tensile strength, minimal elongation, and excellent fatigue resistance. Otherwise staple down with 1/2" staples. Certified green business All Webbing is non-refundable, non-exchangeable once cut from the roll. Sinuous springs offer firm, uniform support for modern frames. We Looking for more information on the right webbing and tape to use? Each type offers distinct functions and features. Think About Usage: For furniture used daily, choose a durable and resilient material like rubber or polypropylene. It had a black non-Pirelli webbing originally, so I've ordered the elasbelt black with red stripe webbing, which was discussed here as a good and somewhat cheaper alternative to the Pirelli webbing. exzshh zyslt xmo rbvgku fhzifw heo wvofhza aknezd maw dpub